ab压力测试

ab是Apache超文本传输协议(HTTP)的性能测试工具。

安装

安装apache

ab命令放在apache目录bin目录下面

ab -V版本信息
[root@localhost ~]# ab --help
ab: wrong number of arguments
Usage: ab [options] [http[s]://]hostname[:port]/path
Options are:
    -n requests     Number of requests to perform
    -c concurrency  Number of multiple requests to make
    -t timelimit    Seconds to max. wait for responses
    -b windowsize   Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes
    -p postfile     File containing data to POST. Remember also to set -T
    -u putfile      File containing data to PUT. Remember also to set -T
    -T content-type Content-type header for POSTing, eg.
                    'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
                    Default is 'text/plain'
    -v verbosity    How much troubleshooting info to print
    -w              Print out results in HTML tables
    -i              Use HEAD instead of GET
    -x attributes   String to insert as table attributes
    -y attributes   String to insert as tr attributes
    -z attributes   String to insert as td or th attributes
    -C attribute    Add cookie, eg. 'Apache=1234. (repeatable)
    -H attribute    Add Arbitrary header line, eg. 'Accept-Encoding: gzip'
                    Inserted after all normal header lines. (repeatable)
    -A attribute    Add Basic WWW Authentication, the attributes
                    are a colon separated username and password.
    -P attribute    Add Basic Proxy Authentication, the attributes
                    are a colon separated username and password.
    -X proxy:port   Proxyserver and port number to use
    -V              Print version number and exit
    -k              Use HTTP KeepAlive feature
    -d              Do not show percentiles served table.
    -S              Do not show confidence estimators and warnings.
    -g filename     Output collected data to gnuplot format file.
    -e filename     Output CSV file with percentages served
    -r              Don't exit on socket receive errors.
    -h              Display usage information (this message)
    -Z ciphersuite  Specify SSL/TLS cipher suite (See openssl ciphers)
    -f protocol     Specify SSL/TLS protocol (SSL2, SSL3, TLS1, or ALL)

注意:如果不想安装apache但是又想使用ab命令的话,直接安装apache的工具包httpd-tools。如下:

yum -y install httpd-tools

压力测试

ab -n1000 -c10 http://localhost/t.php 
-n1000表示总请求数为1000
-c10表示并发用户数为10

参数说明

Concurrency Level:并发用户数;

Time taken for tests:请求处理花费的总时间;

Complete requests:总请求数;

Failed requests:失败的请求数;

Total transferred::所有请求响应数据长度总和;

HTML transferred:所有请求响应数据中正文数据总和;

Requests per second:是我们很关注的一个数据,有人称作“吞吐率”,Requests per second=Complete requests/Time taken for tests

Time per request:平均请求等待时间;

Transfer rate:这些请求在单位时间从服务器获取的数据长度。

ab命令在系统测试时候,一般并发不能超过1024个,系统限制每个进程打开的最大文件数为1024,用ulimit -a来查看

ulimit -a
core file size          (blocks, -c) 0
data seg size           (kbytes, -d) unlimited
scheduling priority             (-e) 0
file size               (blocks, -f) unlimited
pending signals                 (-i) 7932
max locked memory       (kbytes, -l) 64
max memory size         (kbytes, -m) unlimited
open files                      (-n) 1024
pipe size            (512 bytes, -p) 8
POSIX message queues     (bytes, -q) 819200
real-time priority              (-r) 0
stack size              (kbytes, -s) 10240
cpu time               (seconds, -t) unlimited
max user processes              (-u) 1024
virtual memory          (kbytes, -v) unlimited
file locks                      (-x) unlimited

ab性能指标

1、吞吐率(Requests per second)

服务器并发处理能力的量化描述,单位是reqs/s,指的是在某个并发用户数下单位时间内处理的请求数。某个并发用户数下单位时间内能处理的最大请求数,称之为最大吞吐率。

记住:吞吐率是基于并发用户数的。这句话代表了两个含义:

a、吞吐率和并发用户数相关

b、不同的并发用户数下,吞吐率一般是不同的

计算公式:总请求数/处理完成这些请求数所花费的时间,即

Request per second=Complete requests/Time taken for tests

必须要说明的是,这个数值表示当前机器的整体性能,值越大越好。

2、并发连接数(The number of concurrent connections)

并发连接数指的是某个时刻服务器所接受的请求数目,简单的讲,就是一个会话。

3、并发用户数(Concurrency Level)

要注意区分这个概念和并发连接数之间的区别,一个用户可能同时会产生多个会话,也即连接数。在HTTP/1.1下,IE7支持两个并发连接,IE8支持6个并发连接,FireFox3支持4个并发连接,所以相应的,我们的并发用户数就得除以这个基数。

4、用户平均请求等待时间(Time per request)

计算公式:处理完成所有请求数所花费的时间/(总请求数/并发用户数),即: Time per request=Time taken for tests/(Complete requests/Concurrency Level)

5、服务器平均请求等待时间(Time per request:across all concurrent requests)

计算公式:处理完成所有请求数所花费的时间/总请求数,即: Time taken for/testsComplete requests

可以看到,它是吞吐率的倒数。

同时,它也等于用户平均请求等待时间/并发用户数,即

Time per request/Concurrency Level

linux7 工具7